转型经济体制下创业团队的先前经验、无力感与适应能力

在资源依赖理论的基础上,从创业团队的先前经验出发,通过分析4家高科技创业企业的案例资料,考察了创业团队无力感与适应能力之间的关联性,并分析了创业团队的认知趋同性对该作用过程的影响机制,从而为新创企业提高在动态环境中的生存能力提供建议.研究表明,创业团队先前经验可以降低团队成员的无力感,从而提升团队的适应能力,且当创业团队认知趋同性越高时,无力感与适应能力的负向作用越强.     

群体交互记忆系统成因机制研究

在调研84个知识团队,共338名成员的基础上,以共享心智模型和行为信任为中介变量,从团队成员的专长、任务和人际3个方面的特性出发,构建了一个“环境基础-内化条件-知识系统”的整合模型.研究结果显示,团队成员的专长异质性、任务互依性和关系强度对交互式记忆系统产生正向影响.共享心智模型和行为信任完全中介了专长异质性和任务互依性对交互记忆系统的作用,部分中介了关系强度对交互记忆系统的影响.在控制变量中,团队规模对交互记忆系统存在负向影响,团队历史和任务复杂性对交互记忆系统具有正向影响.     

A continuous characterization of the maximum vertex-weighted clique in hypergraphs

For a simple graph G on n vertices with adjacency matrix A, Motzkin and Strauss established a remarkable connection between the clique number and the global maximum value of the quadratic programm: \(\textit{max}\{ \mathbf {x}^T A \mathbf {x}\}\) on the standard simplex: \(\{\sum _{i=1}^{n} x_i =1, x_i \ge 0 \}\). In Gibbons et al. (Math Oper Res 122:754–768, 1997), an extension of the Motzkin–Straus formulation was provided for the vertex-weighted clique number of a graph. In this paper, we provide a continuous characterization of the maximum vertex-weighted clique problem for vertex-weighted uniform hypergraphs.     

带工期指派的产品服务系统订单随机调度问题研究

针对由一个制造工厂和多个区域服务中心组成的服务型制造企业，研究了考虑生产时间和服务时间均具有随机性且工期可指派的产品服务系统（PSS）订单调度问题。首先以最小化订单提前、误工和工期指派费用的期望总额为目标构建问题的优化模型，然后分析目标函数近似值的最优性条件，据此提出加权最短平均生产时间排序规则，并结合该规则与插入邻域局部搜索设计了启发式算法对问题进行求解，最后通过数值仿真验证算法的可行性和有效性。研究表明，提前费用偏差对PSS订单调度与工期指派决策的影响很小，因此企业管理者无需准确估计库存费用也能制定出比较有效的PSS订单调度策略；而工期指派费用偏差对决策结果的影响非常大，因此企业管理者在决策时必须谨慎估计该项费用。     

Three‐Stage Decision‐Making Model under Restricted Conditions for Emergency Response to Ships Not under Control

A ship that is not under control (NUC) is a typical incident that poses serious problems when in confined waters close to shore. The emergency response to NUC ships is to select the best risk control options, which is a challenge in restricted conditions (e.g., time limitation, resource constraint, and information asymmetry), particularly in inland waterway transportation. To enable a quick and effective response, this article develops a three‐stage decision‐making framework for NUC ship handling. The core of this method is (1) to propose feasible options for each involved entity (e.g., maritime safety administration, NUC ship, and ships passing by) under resource constraint in the first stage, (2) to select the most feasible options by comparing the similarity of the new case and existing cases in the second stage, and (3) to make decisions considering the cooperation between the involved organizations by using a developed Bayesian network in the third stage. Consequently, this work provides a useful tool to achieve well‐organized management of NUC ships.     

Too Scared or Too Capable? Why Do College Students Stay Away from the H1N1 Vaccine?

Although college students were among the populations that had the highest frequency of infection for H1N1 influenza, only 8% of them received H1N1 vaccine this past flu season nationwide. During the peak of this pandemic, information about H1N1 vaccine was widely available. However, knowledge test and behavioral data indicated that most college students were not equipped with basic facts about H1N1 and the H1N1 vaccine. To investigate socio‐psychological factors that might have deterred this high‐risk population from learning about and getting the H1N1 vaccine, this study tested the utility of a risk information seeking model in addressing this health communication problem. Data collected from an online survey of 371 college students showed that respondents seemed to overestimate how much they knew about the vaccine. Risk information seeking, however, positively influenced their intentions to get the vaccine. Results suggested that to communicate effectively to this population, it is important to emphasize the difference between perceived knowledge and actual knowledge, monitor emotional responses to potential risks, and promote getting flu vaccination as a socially desirable behavior.     

Hamiltonian numbers in oriented graphs

A hamiltonian walk of a digraph is a closed spanning directed walk with minimum length in the digraph. The length of a hamiltonian walk in a digraph D is called the hamiltonian number of D, denoted by h(D). In Chang and Tong (J Comb Optim 25:694–701, 2013), Chang and Tong proved that for a strongly connected digraph D of order n, \(n\le h(D)\le \lfloor \frac{(n+1)^2}{4} \rfloor \), and characterized the strongly connected digraphs of order n with hamiltonian number \(\lfloor \frac{(n+1)^2}{4} \rfloor \). In the paper, we characterized the strongly connected digraphs of order n with hamiltonian number \(\lfloor \frac{(n+1)^2}{4} \rfloor -1\) and show that for any triple of integers n, k and t with \(n\ge 5\), \(n\ge k\ge 3\) and \(t\ge 0\), there is a class of nonisomorphic digraphs with order n and hamiltonian number \(n(n-k+1)-t\).     

面向我国国立研究机构的人力资源配置模型研究

当今世界,科学技术作为第一生产力的作用日益突出,科学技术作为人类文明进步的基石和原动力的作用日益凸显,而国立研究机构作为中国科研体系的国家队和中坚力量,它的地位和规模在整个科研体系中是举足轻重的,因此合理配置国立研究机构的人力资源具有重大的理论和现实意义。目前的人力资源配置研究多针对企业,而中国的国立研究机构有其自身的特点,不能套用企业的人力资源配置方法。中国科学院作为国家在科学技术方面的最高学术机构,作为科技事业的国家队和火车头,具有代表性,因此本文以中国科学院为例,利用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献调研等方法,对影响我国国立研究机构人力资源配置的因素进行研究,并将人力资源的配置看作一个决策问题,综合考虑了发展战略、人均经费当量、人员结构、学科建设等多个约束,采用自上而下和自下而上相结合的方法,建立了面向国立研究机构的人力资源配置模型。该模型克服了以往国立研究机构对子机构人员数量通过简单趋势外推等方法进行预测的做法,集成了历史数据和专家经验,既不脱离历史情况又能够反映机构的发展战略,是一种适合国立研究机构的人力资源配置方法。该方法在中国科学院的应用实践,验证了模型的有效性。     

经济复苏走势、经济刺激政策及其退出计划有关问题的国内外综述

为应对本轮经济危机,各国政府纷纷出台经济刺激计划及相应配套政策,以遏制经济增长显著下滑的态势。随着经济危机渐行渐远,如何实现经济刺激计划的平稳退出,成为各国政府亟需面对的首要问题,理论界也对此展开了激烈的探讨。本文以判断经济复苏走势为切入点,选择经济刺激计划退出过程中面临的相关问题为研究对象,对国内外学者的研究成果进行综述,并在此基础上展望了未来我国宏观经济政策走向。     

Optimal ordering and pricing decisions for a target oriented newsvendor

This paper is the first to study pricing and target oriented decision making together in the newsvendor model. Specifically, this paper studies a newsvendor who decides on order quantity and selling price to maximize the probability of achieving both profit and revenue targets simultaneously. First, it is shown that the probability of a newsvendor achieving both targets depends critically on the relative magnitudes of the profit margin and the ratio between the profit target and the revenue target. Second, the closed-form expressions of the optimal order quantity, the optimal selling price, and the maximal profit and revenue probability are obtained. It is shown that if the product has greater price elasticity, the best strategy is always to price lower and order more.